This type of missile now has a range of 2000 km, due to the use of multiple reentry ballistic missile technology. Tehrans compliance with international obligations congressional research service 2 iran and the iaea agreed in august 2007 on a work plan to clarify the outstanding questions regarding tehrans nuclear program. In 2004, iran and the eu3 signed the paris agreement, which extended the temporary suspension of irans nuclear activities, pending negotiations of longterm arrangements. Drawing a broader conclusion on irans nuclear program. Irans nuclear weapons options carnegie endowment for. Diplomatic efforts to reach a comprehensive, longterm and proper solution to the iranian nuclear issue culminated in the joint comprehensive plan of action jcpoa concluded on 14 july 2015 by. Tehrans compliance with international obligations congressional research service 3 the july 2015 joint comprehensive plan of action jcpoa states that tehran will complete a series of steps set out in an iraniaea roadmap for clarification of past and present outstanding issues. Arguably, sanctions did contribute to irans decision to enter into a 2015 agreement that put limits on its nuclear program. Iranian industrial sites and appears to have been designed specifically to target the computers controlling irans centrifuges. The politics of irans nuclear program the iran primer.
Jcpoa seeks to ensure that irans nuclear program can be used for. Tehrans compliance with international obligations congressional research service 2 possible military dimensions to irans nuclear programme. Drawing a broader conclusion on irans nuclear program by olli heinonen1 june 2017 under the terms of the nuclear deal with iran, formally known as the joint comprehensive plan of action jcpoa, key restrictions would expire when the iaea formally reaches a broader conclusion that tehrans nuclear program is entirely peaceful. For all the attention that has been given to iran and its nuclear program, the last real book to look focus on the history of the nuclear program instead of analyzing the nuclear program as part of a larger analysis on iran and its relationship with the u. On 14 july 2015, the director general yukiya amano and the vicepresident of the islamic republic of iran, president of the atomic energy organization of iran, ali akbar salehi signed in vienna a roadmap for the clarification of past and present outstanding issues regarding. The joint comprehensive plan of action and developments since july 2015. The jcpoa, which was signed in july 2015 and went into effect the following january, imposes restrictions on irans civilian nuclear enrichment program.
Final assessment on past and present outstanding issues. Briefing security council on irans nuclear programme, under. Tehrans compliance with international obligations congressional research service r40094 version 77 updated 2 iran and the iaea agreed in august 2007 on a work plan to clarify the outstanding questions regarding tehrans nuclear program. Pursuant to inara, on july 19, 2015, the state department transmitted to congress the jcpoa, its annexes, and. Iran agreed to limit its nuclear development program in return for the end of economic sanctions. And as i stated previously, iran probably has working nuclear bombs already. This time frame is more appropriate for estimating capabilities than intentions and foreign reactions, which are more difficult to estimate over a decade. Much hinges on the iran nuclear deal brokered in july. While there is concern also about iranian activity in the chemical and biological field, and irans missile program is wellestablished, the nuclear issue is the most important one. Moreover, achieving the wide domestic support needed to make a nuclear deal with iran politically sustainable in the. This report by the director general to the board of governors, in line with the roadmap for. The war with iraq, which began in 1980, consumed resources and damaged iran s existing nuclear infrastructure. Tehrans compliance with international obligations congressional research service r40094 version 74 updated 2 iran and the iaea agreed in august 2007 on a work plan to clarify the outstanding questions regarding tehrans nuclear program. This deal cuts off irans ability to pursue a nuclear weapon through uranium enrichment.
New info on irans nuclear program the reproach of christ. Actual production of nuclear weapons would violate irans. Oct 06, 2010 irans nuclear weapons program was part of a broader attempt to become more selfreliant in arms and technology in the 1980s. Status congressional research service security council resolution 2231, which the council adopted on july 20, 2015, compose the current legal framework governing irans nuclear program. Jul 20, 2015 security council, adopting resolution 2231 2015, endorses joint comprehensive agreement on irans nuclear programme.
Upon taking office, he made it a priority to resolve the dispute with the west over irans nuclear program and end irans diplomatic isolation. Major developments in irans nuclear program 20062008. Pdf irans nuclear program is a matter of national pride and international prestige, says pupak mohebali. The united states and the iranian nuclear programme. For more detailed information about irans nuclear program, see crs report rl34544, irans nuclear program. Pdf irans nuclear program and turkey wise men center. The participation of the united states and western european governments in iran s nuclear program continued until the 1979 iranian revolution that toppled the last shah of iran. On 14 july 2015, the director general and the vicepresident of iran. Jul 14, 2015 the following is the text of the july 14, 2015 joint comprehensive plan of action the socalled iran nuclear deal. The united nations security council unsc has adopted seven resolutions as part of international efforts to address irans nuclear program, although only one is in effect today. This national intelligence estimate nie assesses the status of irans nuclear program, and the programs outlook over the next 10 years. Parchin in the iaeas final assessment on the pmd to irans nuclear program david albright and serena kellehervergantini december 3, 2015. The two power reactors under construction at bushehr were bombed several times, after which siemens abandoned the project.
On 16 january 2016, all nuclearrelated sanctions on iran were lifted in response to its progress meeting key metrics of the deal. In an unusual admission a few weeks ago, the director of irans atomic energy organization, fereydoon abbasi, was quoted as saying in al hayat that the iranian government has provided false information in the past to protect its nuclear program. Beginnings 1950s1960s iran first established its nuclear program in 1957, under mohammad reza shah pahlavi, with an agreement on nuclear cooperation with the united states under the atoms for peace program. Strengthening the iran nuclear agreement last updated october 22, 2015 pdf version. If you end no writing sowie, you will use to pay this spelling not.
Irans atomic energy organization and its head ali akbar salehi face sanctions, but foreign companies working on tehrans civilian nuclear program are still exempt by deb riechmann january 26. In may 2018, the trump administration withdrew the united states from the 2015 nuclear. The resolution, 2231,retained some restrictions on ballistic missile activities and arms sales. Irans pathways to nuclear weapons in the near and medium terms, and providing a promising platform for achieving a permanent solution in the future. This is chapter 7 of the book irans nuclear program and international law. In 1970, iran ratified the nonproliferation treaty npt, making its nuclear program subject to the iaeas verification irans nuclear program was launched in the 1950s with the help of the united states. Jul 18, 2016 briefing security council on irans nuclear programme, undersecretarygeneral reports progress in implementation of comprehensive action plan. In our view, these risks make new sanctions legislation inadvisable at this moment. During akbar hashemi rafsanjani s presidency, beginning in the late 1980s, iran s nuclear program revived. Ali vaez even amid the coronavirus crisis, the countries are trading threats, says the iran project.
Iranian leaders advanced irans nuclear weapons program in the 1990s and early 2000s along with its civil nuclear program, using the latter as a symbol of national pride. On july 14, 2015, the united states, the eu, russia, china, and iran signed the joint commission plan of action. Security council, adopting resolution 2231 2015, endorses. Oct 26, 2012 in an unusual admission a few weeks ago, the director of irans atomic energy organization, fereydoon abbasi, was quoted as saying in al hayat that the iranian government has provided false information in the past to protect its nuclear program. For more information about the july 2015 joint comprehensive plan of action jcpoa concerning irans nuclear program, see crs report r43333, iran nuclear agreement, by kenneth katzman and paul k.
The nuclear program of iran has included several research sites, two uranium mines, a research reactor, and uranium processing facilities that include three known uranium enrichment plants. Iran will ship out all spent fuel for present and future power and research nuclear reactors for 15 years and has committed to rely on light water for future nuclear reactors. Evolution irans controversial nuclear program has evolved through at least seven phases. During 2011 2015, the global community pressured iran economically, and irans economy shrank as its crude oil exports fell by more than 50%, and iran was rendered unable to access its foreign exchange assets abroad. Nov 15, 2019 irans nuclear capabilities have been the subject of global handwringing for more than two decades. English for official use only final assessment on past and present outstanding issues regarding irans nuclear programme report by the director general a. Status congressional research service security council resolution 2231, which the council adopted on july 20, 2015, compose the current legal framework governing irans.
The united states also has sought to thwart irans purchase of new conventional weaponry and development of ballistic missiles. This report by the director general to the board of. The following is the text of the july 14, 2015 joint comprehensive plan of action the socalled iran nuclear deal. The iran nuclear deal and its critics constitutional rights. Status congressional research service 1 background irans nuclear program began during the 1950s. Analysis of the iaeas report on the pmd of irans nuclear program david albright, andrea stricker, and serena kellehervergantini december 8, 2015. The us and iran are still perilously close to conflict. It is officially called the joint comprehensive plan of action jcpoa to limit irans nuclear program. Iran s nuclear program was launched in the 1950s with the help of the united states as part of the atoms for peace program. The joint comprehensive plan of action jcpoa is an agreement reached by iran, the united states, britain, france, china, russia, and germany regarding irans nuclear program.
Attempting to constrain irans nuclear program took precedence in u. Nuclear deal with iran establishes plan for sanctions relief. While irans leaders long insisted the country was not building nuclear weapons, its. Briefing security council on irans nuclear programme. These two measures significantly strengthened the iaeas ability to inspect irans nuclear program and ensure that it did not have secret nuclear sites. Joint comprehensive plan of action vienna, 14 july 2015. Present outstanding issues regarding irans nuclear program 1.
David albright, an expert on irans nuclear program and president of the institute for science and international security, estimates iran is producing roughly 2. The accord will end decades of economic sanctions against iran in exchange for restrictions on its nuclear program. Increasingly isolated, tehran struggled to acquire arms to fight iraq, which used chemical weapons and had a nuclear weapons program. From confrontation to accord oxford university press, 2016. Haines is a senior fellow of the foreign policy research institute and executive director of fpris princeton committee. Iran reaffirms that under no circumstances will iran ever seek, develop or acquire any nuclear weapons. This deal cuts off irans ability to pursue a nuclear weapon with plutonium. Briefing security council on irans nuclear programme, undersecretarygeneral reports progress in implementation of comprehensive action plan. Jul 27, 2015 pdf irans nuclear program is a matter of national pride and international prestige, says pupak mohebali. Tehrans compliance with international obligations congressional research service 3 the july 2015 joint comprehensive plan of action jcpoa states that tehran will complete a series of steps set out in an iraniaea roadmap for clarification of past.
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